Biography of Kate Chopin :: essays research papers

Biography   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kate Chopin was one of the most influential nineteenth century American fiction writers. She was born in St. Louis, Missouri on either one of three dates: February 8, 1851, February 8, 1850, or July 12, 1850, depending on the source. She once said that she was born in 1851, but her baptismal certificate states February 8, 1850 as her birthday (Inge, 2). There is also an indiscretion regarding the spelling of her name. Her full name is Katherine O’Flaherty Chopin, but one source spells her first name with a ‘C’ (Katherine, 1). Her father, Thomas O’Flaherty, was an Irish immigrant who became a successful merchant in St. Louis. Her mother, Eliza Faris O’Flaherty, came from a wealthy aristocratic Creole family (Inge, 2). Kate Chopin was a student at the Academy of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis. Here she learned the Catholic teachings and great intellectual discipline. She graduated from this French school in 1868 (Inge, 2). On June 9t h in 1870, she married Oscar Chopin. Together the couple had six children: Jean (1871), Oscar (1873), George (1874), Frederick (1876), Felix (1878), and Lelia (1879) (Inge, 3). During the 12 years that she was married, Chopin spent 9 years in New Orleans and the following three years in Cloutierville in Natchitoches Parish (Inge, 3). She was an extremely unconventional woman for her era. Not only did she write about a forbidden subject, female sexuality, but she smoked cigarettes and would go on long walks through the streets of New Orleans by herself, both of which were not common practices during the nineteenth century (Inge, 3). Kate Chopin enjoyed the variety of cultures that surrounded her in Louisiana; she was involved in the lives of the wealthy Creoles and the poor sharecroppers. Tragedy struck her in December of 1882, when her husband became ill from swamp fever and passed away (Inge, 3). Shortly after his death, Chopin became involved with a man by the name of Albert Sampite, a married man (Anderson, 1). A lot of inspiration is thought to have come from this relationship because so many of the characters in her stories are married individuals who become sexually involved with a single partner resulting in a relationship that ethically could never survive. She left Cloutierville in 1884, partly because of her relationship with Sampite, and moved back to St. Louis to be close to her mother (Inge, 3).

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TITLE: Pneumonia Most Common Infection After Heart Surgery DATE: Nov. 30 , 2011 SOURCE: http://www. sciencedaily. com/news/ The study also revealed that most infections occur about two weeks after surgery, not one week as physicians previously thought. â€Å"It's not what we expected to find,† said Michael A. Acker, M. D. , the study's lead researcher and professor and chief of cardiovascular surgery at the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center in Philadelphia, Pa. In abstract 12247, researchers analyzed more than 5,100 patients in a heart surgery registry. Patients, average age 64, were treated at nine U. S. academic medical centers and one Canadian center. The median time to major infection was 14 days after heart surgeries. Forty-three percent of all major infections occurred after hospital discharge. â€Å"Half of these patients had no evidence of infection before they were discharged from the hospital,† Acker said. â€Å"Then they had to return because of the new infection. One implication is that patients must be followed more closely after discharge. In this study, which excluded patients who were infected before surgery, researchers found 761 infections: 300 were classified as major infections (occurring in 6 percent of patients) and 461 were minor (in 8. 1 percent of patients). Of the major infections: * Pneumonia, infection of the lungs, occurred in 2. 4 percent of all patients. * C. difficile colitis, an intestinal infection, occurred in 1. 0 percent. * Bloodstream infections occurred in 1. 1 percent. * Deep-incision surgical site infections occurred in 0. percent. Minor infections included urinary tract and superficial incision site infections. The most commonly performed procedures were isolated coronary artery bypass graft and aortic and mitral valve surgeries. Seventy-four percent were elective surgeries and 26 percent were non-elective or emergency surgeries. Several risk factors appeared to increase the risk of developing infection, including congestive heart failure, hypertension, chronic lung disease, corticosteroid use prior to surgery, and length of cardiopulmonary bypass time. In the next level of analysis, the focus will be on differences in care, from the types of dressings, the types of antibiotics, and the types of surgical preparations, to show what processes of care are associated with decreased incidence of infections,† Acker said. â€Å"The registry will allow us to modify our best practices to manage post-operative infections. † The National Heart, Lung, and Bloo d Institute, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Canadian Institutes of Health Research funded the study. Skin preparation reduces cardiac implantable device infections In another study (abstract 10041), special skin preparations for 3,700 patients significantly reduced infections from cardiac implantable electronic devices. Researchers at a Milwaukee hospital washed patients' skin with a special antibacterial solution the night before and morning of the procedure. They also included a strict three-minute drying time for the surgical skin preparation. These steps decreased implant infection rates from 1 percent to 0. 24 percent at a year following the implant placement. More staphylococcal bacterial infections are occurring after implantation procedures, said Renee Koeberl, R. N. , M. S. N. , lead author of the study. Co-authors are Mohamed S. Rahman, M. D. ; Rachel Pedersen, B. A. ; Jasbir Sra, M. D. ; Masood Akhtar, M. D. and M. Eyman Mortada, M. D REACTION: — Pneumonia — not a deep incision surgical site infection — is the most common serious infection after heart surgery, according to new research presented at the American Heart Association's Scientific Sessions 2011. So we need to be aware and curious to everything around us, to secure our good health.

You Are The Registered Nurse Performing A Health Assessment On A

You Are The Registered Nurse Performing A Health Assessment On A You Are The Registered Nurse Performing A Health Assessment On A Newborn Infant. From The Functional – Coursework Example Breastfeeding and Infant Nutrition A mother who is reluctant to breastfeed is putting her baby on a number of health risks and thebaby may eventually die of malnutrition. If a mother has been found to be not breastfeeding, as a nurse, I must apply an evidence-based practice in going about this case. I must inquire from her the reasons as to why she reluctant to breastfeed. This might be her first birth and therefore, she may be very naà ¯ve with child care and nutrition. In that case, she must get some teaching on the importance of breastfeeding. The mother has to be informed that breast milk is the only food that a new born baby can digest and, contains all the nutrients needed by the baby. The milk is also helpful in boosting the immune system of the baby thus, protects it from diseases. Breastfeeding also bonds the mother with her child.Other reasons for not breastfeeding could be health related issues such as HIV and drug abuse. However, these must only be established from the m other herself. If she smokes or drinks alcohol, she must quit for the sake of the baby. If the mother has HIV, she will also be advised appropriately on how to feed the baby. If the case is extreme such that the baby cannot be breastfed, I would recommend that it be given commercial infant formula. The formula shall nourish the baby with nutrients such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and antibodies. The baby would also be given vitamin D supplements to facilitate the development healthy bones. Meanwhile, the medical team should be working on a breastfeeding solution.ReferenceRafael, H. (2012). Infant Nutrition: Immunity. New Orleans: Goodreads.